Ocrelizumab vs Ofatumumab: Relapse and Disability Outcomes

Introduction

Research report on the annualized relapse rate and confirmed disability progression with ocrelizumab vs ofatumumab in registry data.

Abstract

Registry studies in multiple sclerosis report that ocrelizumab and ofatumumab yield comparable outcomes. In one large, multicenter, propensity‐matched study, the annualized relapse rate was 0.059 with ocrelizumab versus 0.038 with ofatumumab, and both treatments showed 0% confirmed disability progression over 12 months. Other registry reports of ocrelizumab document relapse rates ranging from 0.014 to 0.11 with very low rates of confirmed disability progression.

Methods

Preliminary screening identified 999 potential sources, which were then narrowed to 40 based on specific criteria related to the study's focus.

Data Extraction

Key outcomes extracted included:

• Study Design: Various methods of study design such as retrospective, prospective, observational, and systematic reviews.
• Patient Population Characteristics: Included total number of patients, age, gender distribution, and multiple sclerosis type.
• Interventions Compared: Included drug names, dosage, treatment duration, and patient distribution in treatment groups.
• Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR): Measured the baseline and on-treatment ARR with confidence intervals.
• Disability Progression: Evaluated confirmed disability progression rates and methods of measurement.
• Follow-up Duration: Noted total and median follow-up time, including ranges.
• Safety Outcomes: Recorded treatment-related side effects and other safety concerns.

Results

Characteristics of Included Studies

• Study Design: The majority were retrospective (28), with a mix of prospective (7) and systematic reviews (2).
• Registry Source: Most studies utilized named registries like MSBase and OPERA.
• Population Size: Varied across studies from fewer than 100 to over 1000 participants.
• Follow-up Duration: Ranged from under 1 year to over 5 years.

Annualized Relapse Rate

• Zanghì et al. (2024): Ocrelizumab had an ARR of 0.059 compared to 0.038 for ofatumumab.
• Boz et al. (2023): Ocrelizumab and natalizumab were found to have similar effectiveness.

Confirmed Disability Progression

• Majority of studies reported low or no significant differences in confirmed disability progression for ocrelizumab and ofatumumab.

Comparative Effectiveness

Findings from studies demonstrated that ocrelizumab was often superior to fingolimod and similar to natalizumab in terms of both annualized relapse rate and disability progression outcomes. The evidence base for ofatumumab was noted to be smaller.

Conclusion

Based on the data from various registry studies, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab produce similar results concerning annualized relapse rates and confirmed disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis.